This paper conducts a detailed technical analysis of the integration of solar and wind energy into Nigeria's
330 kV power grid. Despite extensive power sector reforms, Nigeria's energy demand continues to surpass
supply, with heavy reliance on fossil fuels leading to an unreliable and unsustainable power system. Given
the country's substantial wind and solar energy potential, this study examines the impact of incorporating
these renewable sources on grid stability and active power loss. Using the Power System Analysis Toolbox
(PSAT) in MATLAB, the study models Nigeria's 50-bus, 330 kV grid, and includes case studies comparing
scenarios with different levels of renewable energy penetration. The findings indicate that the integration of
wind and solar energy enhances system stability and increases renewable energy penetration limits,
particularly when both energy sources are combined. Active power losses decrease significantly when
penetration rates are optimized, with wind energy allowing for a 15% penetration limit and a combined windsolar configuration reaching up to 25%. Furthermore, the study identifies significant improvements in smallsignal stability, with damping ratios and eigenvalues improving with higher renewable penetration. This
analysis underscores the feasibility of renewable energy integration as a solution for Nigeria’s energy
challenges, contributing to cleaner, more reliable electricity generation.
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